ABSTRACT
Objective To observe of different facemask pressure controlled ventilation yongon gastric insufflation evaluated by ultrasound in infants during anesthesia induction.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ infants aged 1-3 yr,undergoing elective surgery,were randomly assigned to three groups ac-cording to facemask ventilation pressure:10 cm H 2 O (P10),1 5 cm H 2 O (P1 5 )and 20 cm H 2 O (P20)with twenty in each group.Infants were injected with propofol 2 mg/kg,fentanyl 0.002 mg/kg,cis-atracurium 0.1 5 mg/kg for general anesthesia induction until consciousness lost,then face-mask pressure controlled ventilation was applied for 120 s.Some respiratory parameters (SpO 2 , PET CO 2 )were recorded at the time of loss of consciousness (T0 )and after facemask pressure con-trolled ventilation for 30 s(T1 ),60 s(T2 ),90 s(T3 ),120 s(T4 )and after tracheal intubation(T5 ). The cross-sectional transverse and longitudinal diameter and area were measured respectively using ul-trasound at T0 and T4 .Results In all groups,SpO 2 was greater than or equal to 99% at all time points.PET CO 2 at T1-T5 was significantly higher than that at T0 and PET CO 2 at T5 was higher than that at T4 in all three groups.There were statistically significant increases in the values of the antral cross sectional area before and after facemask pressure controlled ventilation in group P20 (P <0.05). Conclusion During anesthesia induction in infants,1 5 cm H 2 O facemask ventilation pressure can guarantee adequate ventilation,and avoid gastric insufflation.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to measure the size of the kidney of Filipino patients, considered as having normal kidney size, in three dimensions, using ultrasound. METHODS:The ultrasound reports of 109 Filipino patients of a tertiary hospital south of Metro Manila were collected. LENGTH, WIDTH and HEIGHT of each kidney were tabulated and any associated condition seen during the procedure was noted. The ultrasonographic examination was done by only one board-certified radiologist. RESULTS:Based on ultrasonographic measurements, the average length, width and height of the right kidney are 10.38 cm, 5.30 cm and 3.82 cm, respectively. The left kidney has mean measurements of 10.32 cm, 5.15 cm and 4.10 cm for length, width and height, respectively. The presence of co-morbid conditions did not significantly alter the size of the kidneys. CONCLUSION:These measurements conform to the standard measurements reported in earlier local researches and in standard textbooks with non-Filipino subjects. This study offers no new findings and just reaffirms what has already been reported. The data presented in this paper will hopefully emphasize the importance of looking at kidney size in the assessment of possible kidney pathology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Adult , High-Energy Shock Waves , Kidney , Philippines , Radiologists , Tertiary Care Centers , Ultrasonics , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
This study was carried out to assess the feasibility of ultrasonographic measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in normal dogs and evaluate the effect of breed, sex, body weight and age on biometry of ONSD. The ONSDs were evaluated in 15 dogs (10-50 months old)with normal eye (7 Yorkshire terrier and 8 Maltese). Ultrasonographic measurements of the ONSD were carried out at a constant position located 5 mm behind the optic disc. Eyes were collected immediately after euthanasia, and were used for saline immersion technique and direct measurement by calipers for biometry of ONSD. In this study, there was no significant difference of ONSD between the left and the right eyes, and was no significant difference among ONSD values obtained from ultrasonographical method, saline immersion technique and direct measurement (k = 0.95). Also, there was no correlations between ONSD and sex, body weight and age, but was significant between the mean ONSD of Yorkshire terrier and Maltese (p<0.01). The mean ONSD of Yorkshire terrier was 2.10 +/- 0.22 mm and Maltese was 1.63 +/- 0.23 mm. This study suggests that ultrasonographic measurements is useful method for biometry of the ONSD in normal dogs and provides baseline information for the study of evaluating ONSD in various breeds and diagnosing several diseases with the change of the ONSD.